20 Important Question and Answer on Garments Washing

Different type questions are rise when studying about garments washing. In this article you will know about basic question and answer which will require for your textile knowledge and also it will helps for the facing of interview board.

Q-01: What is Garments Washing?

Answer: Garments washing is the process of washing off the garments either in wet or dry condition to modify the appearance, outlook comfort ability and fashion of the garments.

Depending on garments construction different types of washing process can be done.

v Twill/Canvas/Knitted/Corduroy - Normal wash, Pigment wash, Caustic wash, Silicon wash

v Denim/Jeans/Gabardine - Enzyme wash, Stone wash, Bleach wash , Acid wash

v Grey fabric- Super white wash

Q-02: What is purpose of Garments washing?

Answer: Garments washing process is used –

v To create wash look appearance and remove dirt, dust or any other spot from the garments

v To increase outlook comfort ability

v To reduce size materials that imports soft hand feels

v To create new fashion such as tagging, grinding, destroyed effect, blasting, whickering, permanent wrinkle, hand crapping etc.

Q-03: What are the types of garments washing?

Answer: Garments washing basically are of two types-

1. Wet washing process-

o   Normal wash/ garment wash/rinse wash Pigment wash Caustic wash

o   Enzyme wash

o   Stone wash

o   Stone enzyme wash

o   Tinting (Tie) & Over Dyeing(Dip Dyeing)

o   Super white wash

o   Bleach wash

o   Acid wash

o   Silicon wash

2. Dry washing process-

o   Hand scrapping

o   3D Whiskering

o   Broken

o   Tagging

o   Wrinkle (Permanent & Overall)

o   Grinding (Hem,Pocket, Collar,Cuff)

o   Destroy

o   PP spray& PP sponging.

Q-04: What are the machineries used in washing plant?

Answer: All machineries are listed below-

·          Washing machine ( horizontal/vertical)

·          Sample Washing machine

·          Hydro extractor machine

·          Dryer machine

·          Sample Dryer machine

·          Chemical mixture machine

·          Industrial oven

·          Boiler

·          Submersible pump

·          Grinding machine

·          Tagging machine

·          Steam chamber for crinkle

·          E.T.P

·          Generator

·          Sand blasting gun

·          Sand blasting chamber

·          Spray gun and dummy

·          Screw compressor

Q-05: What are the chemicals used in washing machine?

·                   Enzyme

·                   Acetic acid [CH₃-COOH]

·                   Detergent

·                   Anti staining agent

·                   Bleaching powder  [Ca(OCl)Cl]

·                   Sodium hyposulfite [Na₂S₂O₂]

·                   Caustic soda [NAOH]

·                   Soda ash [Na₂CO₃]

·                   Sodium bicarbonate [NaHCO₃]

·                   Potassium permanganate [KMnO₄]

·                   Cationic/ nonionic flax softener

·                   Micro emulsion silicon

·                   Salt

·                   Buffer solution

·                   Hydrogen peroxide [H₂0₂]

·                   Stabilizer

·                   Fixing agent

·                   Cataonizer

·                   Optical brightner

·                   Resin

·                   Sodium metabisulphite [Na₂S₂O₅]

·                   Desizing agent.

Q-6: What is normal wash?

Ans. The washing process which is used to remove dirt, dust and other impurities from the garments called normal wash. This also called Rinse wash. This wash is also used to remove starch and soft feeling of wearing garments.

Q-7: What are the steps of Normal/Rinse washing process?

Ans. Two steps of normal washing process are –

First step:

For lot size 70 kg twill/canvas garment add water560-700 liter

As ratio L:R= 1:8-10. Then run the machine.

Add detergent, 0.5 gm/liter which is 280-350gm

Temperature should be sometime cold and sometime 40∙c to 60∙c

Time should be 5 to 10 minutes. Then Drop the liquor at last Cold wash.

Second step:

Add water 420 liter as ratio L:R= 1:6. Then Washing machine running

Add Fax softener 252 gm of 0.6 gm/liter.

Then add acetic acid, 0.5gm/liter……………..210 gm

Time should be 5 to 10 minutes. Drop the liquor and finally unload the garments on trolley.

Q-8: What is Silicon wash?

Answer.The garments washing used to give durable softness and elastic properties of the garments with the help of silicon called silicon wash. It also increases anti pilling affects, dimensional stability and tear resistance of the garments.

Q-9: Write the desizing process of silicon wash?

Ans: Step by step process are given here-

·       Lot weight (Approx 125 pes) ............ 60 kg.

·       Add water @ L: R = 1: 10.............. 600 Liter

·       Machine Running.

·       Add Desizing agent @ 0.6 gm / litre ............ 360 gm.

·       Add Detergent @ 0.5 gm / litre.................... 300 gm.

·       Temperature.......................... 50°c.

·       Time...............................10-20 mts.

·       Drop the liquor.

·       Rinse one time 3 minutes

Q-10: What are the chemicals used for pigment wash or caustic wash process?

Ans: 1.Caustic soda                         

2. Soda ash                               

3. Detergent                             

4. Acetic acid

5. Flax softener

6.  Silicon

Q-11: What are the chemicals used for Enzyme wash?

 Ø    Desizing agent

 Ø    Detergent

 Ø    Anti back staining agent

 Ø    Acetic acid

 Ø    Cationic softener

 Ø    Chlorine bleach

 Ø    Soda ash

 Ø    Sodium hypo sulphite

 Ø    Sodium bi carbonate

 Ø    Silicon.

Q-12: What is the standard r.p.m of washing machine?

 Ø    (28-35) RPM

Q-13. Write the chemicals name which are used for softness of garments.

 Ø    Cationic softener

 Ø    Silicon

 Ø    Enzyme

Q-14. Write the chemicals name which are used for good quality hand feel.

 Ø    Cationic softener

 Ø    Silicon

 Ø    Enzyme

15.Write different types of washing faults.

Ø Color shade variation.

Ø Crease Marks.

Ø After wash hole.

Ø Very dark & very light.

Ø Bleach Spot.

Ø Bottom hem & course edge destroy.

Ø Running shading.

Ø Over blasting / low Blasting.

Ø Over grinding / low grinding.

Ø Bad smell due to poor neutralization.

Ø Poor hand feel.

Ø To high hairiness.

Ø Poor brightness.

Ø High or low affect / abrasion on garments.

Ø Spot on garments.

Ø Out of range / level of pH value of garments.

16.   What are the reasons of after wash hole?

   Ø   For improper application of chemical

   Ø   Defect of washing machine.

   Ø   FOR STONE with less L:R amount during washing

17.Write the main function of –

            Antistain, Detergent,Potassium per Manganate, Micro Emulsion Softener, Hydrogen Peroxide, Optical Brightener, and Desizing Agent.

o   ANTISTAIN: To protect the garment from staining, bleeding.

o   DETERGENT: To remove dust, dirt and other impurities from the garments.

o   POTASSIUM PER MANGANATE: after desizing it is sprayed in garments     area. It helps for color out from garment during Enzyme wash.

o   MICRO EMULSION SOFTENER:  To soft the garment and get better hand feel.

o   HYDROGEN PEROXIDE:  Enhances bleach to produce light shade.

o   OPTICAL BRIGHTENER:  For more whitening grey fabrics.

o   DESIZING AGENT:   Removes the sizing material from the garment

 18. Write the chemical name of Acid wash process.

Ø  Desizing agent

Ø  Detergent.

Ø  Potassium per manganate.

Ø  Phosphoric acid.

Ø  Metabisulphite.

Ø  Acetic acid.

Ø  Softener

19.What are the main ingredients for Sand Blasting process?

ALUMINIUM OXIDE (Al₂O₃)

20.What do you know about  PP Spray?

   Ø   By spray gun potassium permanganate is sprayed on garments surface.

   Ø   Chemical composition: 10g kmno4 in 1 litresolⁿ with 1% lubricant.

   Ø   After desizingpp is done then neutralized by oxalic acid.

   Ø   Very much body hazard


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