Yarn is a long continuous length of interlocked fibres, used in sewing, crocheting, knitting, weaving, embroidery, rope making, and the production of textiles.
Yarns can be made from cotton, polyester, silk, nylon, wool,
etc. Yarn can also be blended by using blended fibres like we can use 70%
polyester and 30% cotton to make PC yarns.
Yarn Types:
According to the structure- 3 Types
- 1. Staple fiber yarn/ Spun Yarn (Single Yarn)
- 2. Ply Yarns
- 3. Filament Yarns
Staple/ Spun Yarns
Spun yarns are made by mechanical assembly and twisting
together (Spinning Process) of staple fibres.
Ring Spinning, Rotor Spinning, Wrap Spinning, Air-Jet Spinning etc machines are used to produce spun yarns or single yarns.
Ply Yarns
A folded or Ply yarn is produced by twisting two or more
single yarns together in one operation, and a cabled yarn is formed by twisting
two or more folded yarns or a combination of folded and single yarns.
For high strength and modulus for technical and industrial application Ply Yarn often used.
Filament Yarns
A filament yarn is made of one or more continuous strands
called filaments where each component runs the whole length of yarn.
Composed of one filament called Monofilament Yarn and are those contain more filaments called multifilament yarn.
On the Basis Of Processing- 3 Types
- 1. Carded or Carded yarn.
- 2. Combed yarn.
- 3. Semi-combed yarn.
Carded Yarn
It is an inferior quality of yarn. In processing this yarn, no comber is used. It contains shorter fibers and naps. It is used to make coarser count yarn. It has a great use on denim industries to make denim fabrics.
Combed Yarn
It is a superior quality of yarn. Comber is used to manufacturing combed yarn. So this yarn contains almost no naps or short fibres. It is used to make finer count yarn. It has a variety of use in the knitting and non-denim fabric manufacturing industries.
Semi Combed Yarn
It is a medium-quality yarn. It is manufactured by mixing some combed slivers. For example, 50% combed sliver means eight slivers, four carded, and four combed slivers mixed at the post comb draw frame to produce this type of yarn.
Types of Yarn according to use- 2 Types
- 1. Weaving Yarns
- 2. Knitting Yarns
Weaving Yarns
Yarns for woven cloth are prepared for the intended end use.
Yarns to be used in the
warp, the lengthwise direction of a cloth, are generally
stronger, have a tighter twist,
and are smoother and more even than are yarns used for
filling, the crosswise direction
of a cloth. Novelty yarns may be used in the warp, but they
are generally found in the
filling. Highly twisted crepe yarns are usually found used as filling yarns.
Knitting Yarns
These may be divided into yarns for hand knitting and yarns
for machine knitting.
Knitting yarns are more slackly twisted than yarns for
weaving. Hand knitting yarns are
generally, ply, whereas those for machine knitting can be either single or ply.
Classification of yarn according to the twist direction
Yarn classification on twist direction are as follows. If it is twisted according to the S direction it is called S twisted yarn. If it is twisted according to the Z direction it is then called Z twisted yarn. The twist direction depends on the fiber length and fineness and dimension. So classification of yarn according to the twist are two types
- 1. S twisted yarn
- 2. Z twisted yarn
Yarn Manufacturing Process:
Different yarn manufacturing process
There are different manufacturing process of yarn. As we know there are two types of manufacturing process of yarn like as
1.
Chemical yarn manufacturing process
i.
Wet spinning
ii.
Dry spinning
iii.
Melt spinning
2.
Mechanical yarn manufacturing process
i.
Conventional spinning
ii.
Direct spinning
Yarn Manufacturing Flow Chart
For Card Yarn & Combed Yarn Manufacturing process below follow
chart is followed-
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